A Comparative Study Of Physiological Variables Among Rural And Urban Football Players Of Murshidabad District

Fitness is the term, which is universally used in the present-day health responsive society. The people have realized the importance of fitness in day-to-day routines and also in achieving sports of high quality. The main purpose of the study was to find out some Physiological Variables of Rural and Urban Football Players Only college level male subjects were selected the age groups of the subjects were above 18 to 22 years. Some physiological variables (Vital capacity, Blood pressure, Pulse rate, Resting Heart rate, Haemoglobin, Breath holding Capacity) were measured. For the present study 20 subjects from each group were selected as subjects. The result shows that rural football players are larger than urban football players in terms of physiological variables.

Effect Of Aerobic Training On Selected Physiological Variables Amongst Inter Collegiate Level Netball Players

This study explored the result of aerobic training on selected physiological variables amongst inter collegiate level netball players. Thirty male netball players were selected as subjects. Tre age of the subjects ranged from 20 to 25 years. The selected subjects were haphazardly separated into two groups with fifteen subjects in each group (n=15). The groups were named experimental group and control group The experimental group underwent an aerobic training program for the duration of six weeks. The collected data was statistically analysed through using request paired 't' tests. The results of the present study have powerfully indicated that participation in six weeks of aerobic training program resulted in important differences on selected physiological variables.

Comparative-study-on-selected-psychological-abilities-between-kabaddi-and-kho-kho-players

The main objective of the current study was to compare the kabaddi and Kho-Kho players of Murshidabad district, who was attained position at district level sports competition on selected psychological abilities through the selected test items such as: psycho-motor Ability, Concentration and sports Competition Anxiety Test between the players of kabaddi and Kho-Kho. For the purpose of the present study, finally sixty players were selected as subject. Out of total sixty subject, 30 subjects from the Kho-Kho have been selected on purposive and random sampling basis, who was won medal/position district level sports competition. All the subjects were involved in regular practise as a preparation for their targeted competition in their own sports. The data ware collected in raw from and analysed by calculating the descriptive statistical techniques and 't' test were applied. The level of significance was set at 0.05 level of confidence. There was significant difference was found in the Psycho-motor Ability in relation to the Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players. There was no significant difference found in relation to consultation ability measured through great taste between Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players. The significant difference watch found in the sports competition hello anxiety test (SCAT) in relation to the Kabaddi and Kho-Kho players

Yoga For Build Happiness Among The Higher Secondary School Going Students

Worldwide school-going children are suffering from various physiological, psychological, and financial problems. Many research articles explained that yogic practices develop the physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional aspects of an individual. Yoga refers to a great variety of mental practices that involve a voluntary change in states and content of awareness. It is known to all that yoga has a positive impact on stress, anxiety, depression, and many other psychological problems. yoga's beneficial role is not only limited to psychological problems but also has a great impact on physiological health problems and creates mental happiness. Yogic procedures in a scientific manner help to maintain common body determinations. They affect functions of yoga-like planning, execution of tasks, memory, and learning. According to Patel- N. K. 2019, however, the practice of yoga can lead students to achieve the highest goal in life the self- realization of their inherent potential. The main perception in our article is that yoga may support higher secondary school going children and young people to survive stress and thus, subsidize positively to balance in life, well-being, mental health and happiness. The present research review literature suggests that yoga progresses children's physical, mental well-being and happiness. Likewise, yoga in higher secondary schools helps students improve flexibility, mood, and self-regulation skills affecting emotions and stress

Hoffman Syndrome As First Manifestation of Hypothyroidism: A Rare Case.

Hypothyroidism in adults can manifest as myopathy. Often, other features of hypothyroidism are associated with it. But rarely, it can only present as muscle pseudohypertrophy along with cramps and weakness: a condition called Hoffman's Syndrome. This shows high elevation of muscle enzymes and myopathy patterns on electromyography. This condition responds very well to thyroxin replacement. The reporting of Hoffman's Syndrome is very are from Indian subcontinent, and probably this is the fist case from eastern India.

Bacterial contamination of the hands of doctors: A study in the medicine and dermatology wards.

Background: Doctors' hands are a common source of bacterial contamination. Often, these organisms are found to be virulent species with multidrug-resistance patterns. These are the sources of nosocomial infections in many patients. Aims: The present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of bacterial contamination in the hands of doctors in the Medicine and Dermatology wards of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The hands of 44 doctors were swabbed and cultured at entry to ward and at exit. Then, tap water and alcohol swab wash techniques were used and further swabs were done at each step. Thus, each doctor was sampled four-times for the study. The antibiotic-sensitivity pattern of the organisms was determined by the disc-diffusion method. Results: There was a significant contamination of the doctors' hands at entry (59.1%) and at exit (90.9%). Overall, Staphylococcus was the predominant organism (59% at entry and 85% at exit); coagulase-negative ones were more prevalent at entry (32%) and coagulase-positive ones were more prevalent at exit (54%). There was no difference in the hand contamination rates of junior and senior doctors. Also, the contamination rates were similar in the Medicine and Dermatology wards. Among the Gram negative organisms, Escherichia coli (4.5%), Pseudomonas (4.5%), Enterococci (13.6%) and Klebsiella (9%) were the main ones isolated. Gram negative organisms were significantly more prevalent at exit (P = 0.009) compared with their numbers at entry. Hand washing techniques reduced the contamination rates significantly, 76% with tap water wash and further 16.5% with alcohol swab. The removal rate for both groups of organisms was similar. Also, coagulase-positive and -negative Staphylococci showed equal rates of removal with hand washing (P = 0.9793). The organisms were found to be resistant to most of the commonly used antibiotics; the beta-lactam group was especially largely resistant both for Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Both cheaper ones like cloxacillin (50-100%) and very costly ones like cefepime (100%) were equally vulnerable to resistance. Even newer antibiotics like linezolid and vancomycin showed a significant resistance to Staphylococcus. In Gram negative organisms, drugs like ceftazidime and gentamicin showed 100% resistance. Conclusion: This study shows the high level of contamination of doctors' hands. It emphasizes the need for proper hygienic measures in day to day practice in hospitals to reduce the level of nosocomial infections. Also, it shows that most of the commonly used antibiotics will be ineffective in nosocomial infections.

Assessing the relationship among physicochemical properties of proteins with respect to hydrophobicity: A case study on AGC kinase superfamily.

Understanding the protein structures is crucial, as it is involved in every cellular activity. Several experimental techniques, such as X-Ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and electron microscopy are available to gain insight about the structure and function of a protein molecule. Gigantic data on protein structural and sequential information is deposited in various repositories regularly which provide us the scope for more theoretical studies. Hydrophobicity always plays a vital role in tertiary structure formation and behavior of a protein molecule. This study focuses on elucidating influence of several physicochemical properties on hydrophobicity of AGC kinase proteins. AGC kinase superfamily is selected due to its tremendous structural and functional variability and sequence data availability. A combined data mining and stochastic approach confirmed that out of 47 parameters, transmembrane tendency influences the target variable most, followed by percent buried residues, GRAVY (Grand Average Hydropathicity) and aliphatic index. Calculating the influence of different physicochemical parameters and their interrelation will aid tremendously in the future of protein science.

Anesthetic management for emergency cesarean section and aortic valve replacement in a parturient with severe bicuspid aortic valve stenosis and congestive heart failure.

Asymptomatic women with mild aortic stenosis (AS) and normal left ventricular functions can successfully carry pregnancy to term and have vaginal deliveries. However, severe AS (valve area <1.0cm 2 ) can result in rapid clinical deterioration and maternal and fetal mortality. So, these patients require treatment of AS before conception or during pregnancy preferably in the second trimester. In suitable patients percutaneous balloon aortic valvutomy appears to carry lower risk. It can also be used as a palliative procedure allowing deferral of aortic valve replacement until after delivery. The present patient had severe critical AS with congestive heart failure that was refractory to medical therapy and the fetus was viable (>28wks). So, combined lower segment cesarean section and aortic valve replacement were performed under opioid based general anesthesia technique to reduce the cardiac morbidity and mortality.

Congenital lobar emphysema: Pitfalls and management.

Congenital lobar emphysema is a rare entity presenting in the first month of life. It appears with varying degrees of respiratory distress, clinical and radiological evidence of over-aeration of the upper and middle lobes, mediastinal shift and hypoxia. Its early recognition and surgical intervention can be life-saving. Even today, despite advanced diagnostic techniques, pitfalls in diagnosis and management are not uncommon and the condition may be mistaken for pneumothorax or pneumonia. This report elucidates the anesthetic management of three such cases with a review of literature.

Anesthetic management of patient with myasthenia gravis and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism for thymectomy.

The relationship between myasthenia gravis (MG) and other autoimmune disorders like hyperthyroidism is well known. It may manifest earlier, concurrently orafter the appearance of MG. The effect of treatment of hyperthyroidism on the control of MG is variable. There may be resolution or conversely, deterioration of the symptoms also. We present a patient who was diagnosed to be hyperthyroid two and half years before the appearance of myasthenic symptoms. Pharmacotherapy for three months neither improved the myasthenic symptoms nor the thyroid function tests. Thymectomy resulted in control of MG as well as hyperthyroidism. In conclusion, effective control of hyperthyroidism in the presence of MG may be difficult. The authors opine that careful peri-operative management of thymectomy is possible in a hyperthyroid state.

Acute normovolemic hemodilution is not beneficial in patients undergoing primary elective valve surgery.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) as a sole method of reducing allogenic blood requirement in patients undergoing primary elective valve surgery. One hundred eighty eight patients undergoing primary elective valve surgery were prospectively randomized into two groups: Group I (n=100) acted as control and in Group II (n=88) autologous blood was removed (10% of estimated blood volume in patients with hemoglobin (Hb) >12g% and 7% when the Hb was <12g%) in the pre-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) period for subsequent re-transfusion after protamine administration. The autologous blood withdrawn was replaced simultaneously with an equal volume of hydroxyl-ethyl starch solution. Banked blood was transfused in both the groups when Hb was ≤6g % on CPB and ≤8g% after CPB. Platelets were transfused when the count fell to <100´10 9 /L and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was transfused whenever there was diffuse bleeding with laboratory evidence of coagulopathy. The two groups were comparable as regards demographic data, type of surgical procedures performed, duration of CPB and ischemia, duration of elective ventilation and re-exploration for excessive bleeding. The autologous blood withdrawn in patients with Hb≥12g% was 288.3±69.4 mL and 244.4±41.3 mL with Hb<12g% (P=NS). The Hb concentration (g %) was comparable pre-operatively (Group I= 12.1±1.6, Group II= 12.4±1.4), on postoperative day 1 (Group I =10.3±1.1, Group II= 10.6±1.2) and day 7 (Group I = 10.9±1.5, Group II=10.4±1.5). However, the lowest Hb recorded on CPB was significantly lower in Group II (Group I =7.7±1.2, Group II=6.7±0.9, p0 <0.05). There was no difference in the chest tube drainage (Group I =747.2±276.5 mL, Group II=527.6±399.5 mL), blood transfusion (Group I=1.1±1.0 units vs. Group II=1.3±1.0 units intra-operatively and Group I=1.7±1.2 units vs. Group II=1.7±1.4 units post-operatively) and FFP transfusion (Group I =581.4±263.4 mL, Group II=546.5±267.8 mL) in the two groups. We conclude that low volume autologous blood pre-donation does not seem to provide any added advantage as a sole method of reducing allogenic blood requirement in primary elective valve surgery.

Non tuberculous mycobacteria and toxoplasma co-infection of the central nervous system in a patient with AIDS

New-onset seizures are frequent manifestations in patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). We describe the clinical and radiological findings in an 25yr old AIDS patient presenting with new onset seizures as the primary manifestation of cerebral toxoplasmosis and Non Tuberculous Mycobacterial [NTM] co-infection. Cranial computed tomography showed a subtle ventricular dilatation whereas magnetic resonance imaging disclosed prominent temporal horn. Toxoplasma tachyzoites and rapidly growing mycobacteria were recovered from CSF. Seizures were complex partial in nature and refractory to antiepileptic therapy.

Structural model of the Plasmodium falciparum Thioredoxin reductase: a novel target for antimalarial drugs.

Background: Malaria, a scourge of mankind, imposes a huge socioeconomic burden in tropical countries. Emergence of multi-drug resistant malarial parasites impels us to explore novel drug targets. Thioredoxin reductase is a promising antimalarial drug target. Methods: The Thioredoxin reductase enzyme of Plasmodium falciparum was characterized in silico and protein disorder was predicted using available online tools. Since the crystal structure of Thioredoxin reductase of P. falciparum is not yet available, its three-dimensional structure was constructed by homology modeling using the high-resolution Thioredoxin reductase type 2 of mouse as a template. Obtained model was further refined by Molecular Dynamics (MD). Results: The model was stable during the simulation with the equilibrium root mean square deviation (RMSD) value of 1.2 Å. Stereochemical evaluation revealed that 99.1% residues of the constructed model lie in the most favoured and allowed regions, thus, indicating a good quality model. Conclusion: Results of this study will provide an insight into the structure of the Thioredoxin reductase of malarial parasite and aid in rational drug designing.

Anomalous connection of superior vena cava to the left atrium masquerading as epilepsy: a case report with review of literature.

An 11-year-old girl who presented with recurrent epileptic fits was eventually found to have a superior vena cava draining into the left atrium. There was no atrial septal defect. The patient underwent a successful surgical correction.

Anticoagulation for pregnant patients with mechanical heart valves.

Management of a pregnant patient with mechanical heart valve is a complex issue for all health care providers involved in the care of such patients. Complications may arise at any stage due to the increased haemodynamic load imposed by pregnancy or because of impaired cardiac performance often seen in these patients. In addition, the use of various cardiovascular drugs in pregnancy (especially anticoagulants) may lead tofoetal loss or teratogenic complications. Additionally, the risk of thrombo-embolic complications in the mother is increased by the hypercoagulable state of pregnancy. In this review, we have attempted to draw inferences to guide management of such patients based on the available literature. It seems that in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves, recent data support warfarin use throughout pregnancy, followed by a switch to heparin and planned induction of labour. However, the complexity of this situation demands a cafeteria approach where the patient herself can choose from the available options that are supported by evidence-based information. Unfortunately there is no consensus on such data. An overview of the available literature forms the basis of this review. In conclusion, a guideline comprising pragmatic considerations is preffered.

Effect of muscle relaxants on heart rate, arterial pressure, intubation conditions and onset of neuromuscular block in patients undergoing valve surgery.

Sixty six patients undergoing elective valve surgery were randomized to receive rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/Kg (Group R, n=22), pancuronium bromide 0.1 mg/Kg (Group P, n= 22) and vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/Kg (Group V, n=22), Measurements of heart rate and arterial pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) were noted at the following stages: 1) baseline when haemodynamics were stable for 2 minutes after induction of anaesthesia (2) one, (3) three, (4) five minutes after administration of muscle relaxants, (5) One, (6) three, and (7) five minutes after intubation. In group R, the heart rate decreased 5 min after injection of muscle relaxant from 93.9 +/- 21.3 to 82.4 +/- 20.7 beats/min (p<0.001). However, it increased to 128.3 +/- 25.8 beats/min (p<0.001) following intubation and returned to baseline at 5 min after intubation. In group P, heart rate increased from 98.8 +/- 32.6 to 109.6 +/- 32.7 beats/min (p<0.001), 1 min after injection of pancuronium and this increase persisted throughout the study period. In group V, heart rate decreased from 99.9 +/- 22.3 to 83.8 +/-19.6 beats/min (p<0.001) at 5 min after injection of the drug. It increased to 118.6 +/- 22.4 beats/min (p<0.001), 1 min after intubation and returned to baseline at 5 min after intubation. The decrease in heart rate in group R and V was accompanied by a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure. In group P, only the systolic pressure decreased significantly at 5 min after injection of the drug. Intubation was accompanied by a significant increased in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in all the groups. Excellent intubation conditions (intubation score 3-4) were observed with all the three drugs, however, there were number of patients in group P who showed diaphragmatic movement during intubation. Onset of action of muscle relaxant, was fastest with rocuronium (group R=132.7 +/- 0.3 sec, P=182.6 +/- 68.5 sec, V= 144.8 +/- 46.1 sec, Group P vs Group R). To conclude, pancuronium causes significant increase in heart rate and should be preferred in patients with regurgitant lesions having slower baseline heart rate. Vecuronium and rocuronium decrease the heart rate and should be preferred in patient with faster baseline heart rate. In terms of intubating conditions rocuronium and vecuronium provide best conditions, but onset is faster with rocuronium.